Imputing Information About Non-Citizens (AlienPrep) version 13.8

• The person is not married (MaritalStatus is not between 2 and 5).
• The person is not the head of a household (HhFamilyRelation is not 1 or 32).
• The person is under 18 (Age < 18) or under 22 and attending school at least one month of the year (MonthlyLaborForceActivity = 7).

5. YearsFor40Q

Definitions of Intermediate Variables Used in the Imputation

CitizenStatus

PercentOfPoverty

AlienPrep

1. <100%, 100%-<200% and 200%+ (PovertyRate: 1-3, 4-7, and 8+)
2. <200% and 200%+ (PovertyRate: 1-7 and 8+)
3. For summary tables only: <150%, 150%+ (PovertyRate: 1-5, 6+)

CurrentWorker

PotentialWorkingYears

Impute Years of Qualifying Work for 40 Quarter Exemption (YearsFor40Q).

1. If a person has no working-age years (PotentialWorkingYears = 0) in the United States, set YearsFor40Q = 0:
2. Otherwise, if the person receives Social Security Benefits (SocialSecurityOrRrr > 0) and PotentialWorkingYears >=10, then assign YearsFor40Q=10
   
3. Otherwise, if the person has 1 to 18 potential working years in US,
perform the following imputation for YearsFor40Q:
• Impute the percentage of the person's PotentialWorkingYears that have been worked, and convert this percentage to a number of years. The imputation relies on program rules showing the probabilities that a person worked: none, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or 100% of his or her potential working years. The actual program rules vary by citizen status and gender. For current workers (CurrentWorker = 1) the probabilities vary by percent of poverty. Program rules for current workers are shown in Table 1. For persons not currently working, the probabilities also vary by PotentialWorkingYears (and, in certain cases, by percent of poverty). Program rules for persons not currently working are shown in table 2.

Table 1

Table 2

• Obtain the set of probabilities corresponding to the person’s current working status, citizen status, gender, potential working years, and percent of poverty.
• Generate a random number for use with this imputation, RandomNumYearsFor40Q.
• Set CumulativeProbability = probability of working 0% of his or her PotentialWorkingYears. If the random number is less than or equal to CumulativeProbability, then set YearsFor40Q=0. Otherwise increase CumulativeProbability by the probability the person worked 10% of his or her PotentialWorkingYears. If the random number is less than or equal to CumulativeProbability, then set YearsFor40Q=(.10 * PotentialWorkingYears). Don’t round YearsFor40Q to an integer—keep as a real value. If the random number is greater than CumulativeProbability, increase CumulativeProbability by the probability the person worked 20% of his or her PotentialWorkingYears. If the random number is less than or equal to CumulativeProbability, then set YearsFor40Q=(.20*PotentialWorkingYears). Otherwise, continue in this fashion until YearsFor40Q has been assigned
• The probabilities in the program rule will sum to 1.00 (give or take 0.01 - due to rounding). If the random number is greater than the final CumulativeProbability (as would be the case if the final CumulativeProbability was 0.991 and the random number was 0.998) assign YearsFor40Q=PotentialWorkingYears.

If the person is currently working and a value of 0 has been assigned, set YearsFor40Q = 0.5 (we’ll give token credit for work performed during the year). Cap YearsFor40Q at 10 (as mentioned before, save the uncapped value under the name YearsFor40QUncapped).

The imputation is similar to that for persons with 1-18 PotentialWorkingYears, except that each program rule gives the probability that a particular number of years has been worked (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10+). Therefore, there is no need to multiply the result by PotentialWorkingYears. As before, assign 0.5 years of work to current workers imputed to work 0 years.

Table 3 shows the program rules for current workers, and Table 4 shows the program rules for persons not currently working.

Table 3

Table 4

6. FortyQuartersExemption

If YearsFor40Q is equal to 10 for a given person, the person qualifies for the 40 quarters exemption. Set FortyQuartersExemption to 1.

Otherwise, if the person has a spouse present (SpousesLineNumber is not 0), add the spouse’s YearsFor40Q to the person’s own YearsFor40Q. If the result is greater than or equal to 10, set FortyQuartersExemption to 2. (Reminder, YearsFor40Q should be 0 for all persons with CitizenStatus=3—so if the spouse has CitizenStatus=3, there will be nothing to add here.)

Otherwise, if this is a child under the age of 18 (HhFamilyRelation is 3-7, 13, 15 or 27), count the parents’ YearsFor40Q, as well as the child’s (and the child’s spouse, if any), to determine if the child is covered by the FortyQuartersExemption. If the total years is at least 10, then set FortyQuartersExemption to 3. Note that if the child is the head of a sub-family, the parents will be the people in the FamilyWithSubfamilies who are either the head or spouse (FamilyReferenceRelation is 1 or 2) of the main family (FamilyType = 1). In all other cases, the parents are simply the head and spouse of the immediate family.

Otherwise, if this is a person age 18 or older who has a parent or parents living in the household (HhFamilyRelation is 9-12), the parents’ years of work before the child turned 18 count toward the FortyQuartersExemption. (Note, this includes work performed before the child’s birth and before the child came to the US). We’ll approximate this as follows:


1. For each parent, calculate Years40QBeforeChild18---the years parent worked toward the 40 quarter exemption before child turned 18.
   
   
   (a)Calculate number of potential working years of parent before child turned 18:
   
   
   WorkYearsBeforeKid18=
   
   PotentialWorkingYears{Parent} - (Age{Child} -17)
   
   If WorkYearsBeforeKid18 <= 0, then Years40QBeforeChild18= 0 -- this is all you need to do for this parent. Otherwise....
   
   
   (b)Calculate number of potential working years before child turned 18 as a percentage of parent’s total potential working years
   
   
   PercentYearsBeforeKid18=
   
   WorkYearsBeforeKid18/PotentialWorkingYears{Parent}
   
   
   (c)Calculate Years40QBeforeChild18:
   
   
   (1) If the parent has 18 or fewer potential working years, then we have an estimate of the years worked--up to and including PotentialWorkingYears (YearsFor40QUncapped). Assume years of work have been distributed evenly over all PotentialWorkingYears, and assign years worked before child turned 18 accordingly.
   
   
   Years40QBeforeChild18 = PercentYearsBeforeKid18*YearsFor40QUncapped{parent}
   
   
   (2) Make the same assumption if the parent has more than 18 potential working years, but has worked fewer than 10 of these. (There is no "uncapped" value for parents with more than 18 potential working years, so use YearsFor40Q instead of YearsFor40QUncapped).
   
   
   Years40QBeforeChild18 = PercentYearsBeforeKid18*YearsFor40Q{parent}
   
   
   (3) If the parent has more than 18 potential working years, and has worked 10 or more of these, we don’t actually know how many years have been worked. Our simplifying assumption will be that the parent worked each of the potential working years before the child turned 18 (obviously an overestimate, but is closer to the truth than assuming the parent worked none of these years, and we don’t have an alternative method).
   
   
   Years40QBeforeChild18=
   
   
   Min(WorkYearsBeforeKid18,YearsFor40Q{parent})
   
   
2. If YearsFor40Q{Child}+YearsFor40Q{Child’s spouse) + Years40QBeforeChild18{parent1}+ Years40QBeforeChild18{parent2} >= 10 then set FortyQuartersExemption=3
   


Otherwise, if this person is a legal alien (as opposed to a refugee) who has been in the U.S. for more than 5 years, and does not qualify for an veteran exemption (either as a veteran or a dependent), the person may be imputed to qualify for the 40-quarters exemption based on the reported receipt of certain benefits as follows:


1. If the person is a true SSI reporter (i.e. the reporting of SSI was not allocated to the person by Census), set FortyQuartersExemption to 4.
2. If the person is a true Medicaid reporter (i.e. the reporting of Medicaid was not allocated to the person by Census) and the rule IgnoreReportedMedicaidFor40Qtrs = 0, set FortyQuartersExemption to 5.


Note that imputation based on reported receipt of benefits applies regardless of whether the person is married, is under 18, or is 18 or older and living with parents.

7. SponsorDeemingExempt

8. The Unit

For the YearEnteredUS, YearsLivingInUS, and PreReformImmmigrant imputations, we will want to assign the same value to all members of the FamiliesWithSubfamilies family who have identical values for YearInUSVar. Each such group is considered a unit for AlienPrep. Units can be easily identified using the output variable UnitID.

Rule AdditionalDeemingExemptRate indicates the rate at which Legal Permanent Residents who are not identified as exempt from sponsor deeming based on public benefit receipt, and who are not identified as having a likely family sponsor within their household, are randomly chosen as having no family sponsor (SponsorDeemingExempt=1).

If AllocFlag665 indicates the entire supplement was allocated, then no one in the unit is considered to receive public benefits.